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Encyclopedia of America's Response to the Holocaust


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State Department

Steinhardt, Laurence


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U.S. diplomat Laurence Steinhardt (1892-1950) helped impede the immigration of East European Jews to America in 1940-1941, although he later helped facilitate the escape of Jewish refugees from Hitler Europe via Turkey. The son of wealthy German Jewish immigrants, Steinhardt rose to become the highest-ranking...

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Welles, Sumner


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As undersecretary of state from 1937 to 1943, Sumner Welles (1892-1961) played a significant role in the shaping and implementation of the Roosevelt administration's policy toward European Jewry. The wave of antisemitism accompanying the German absorption (Anschluss) of Austria in March 1938 resulted...

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